Flowers Keller LLP

Team

Flowers Keller LLP is a firm of former public defenders from the country’s best public defender offices. Each lawyer is dedicated to the same mission—defend the accused, vindicate the convicted, and change the system.

Our time as public defenders strengthened our commitment to this mission and deepened our understanding of client-centered lawyering. During those formative years, we received excellent training from top-notch lawyers, social workers, actors, writers, and others. We also experienced nearly every type of case in the criminal law. We’ve taken that training and experience to both teach others and create a cadre of lawyers ready to meet the mission.

Kobie is, first and foremost, a trial lawyer, with over twenty-five years of courtroom experience. Kobie has litigated cases in federal and state courts throughout the United States and in the military commissions in Guantanamo Bay. He represents clients in high-stakes criminal investigations, civil litigation, internal investigations, and trials. Recognized by his peers for his trial acumen, Kobie teaches the art and science of trial lawyering to other lawyers around the country.

Kobie began his career as a member of the Attorney General’s Honors Program, where he was as a civil rights prosecutor in the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Criminal Section. There, he specialized in the prosecution of police brutality cases. Kobie never lost a case at the Department of Justice. That is notable because police brutality cases are arguably the hardest to prosecute in the federal criminal law.

Following his time as a federal civil rights prosecutor, Kobie pursued the challenge of defending people against federal prosecutions as an Assistant Federal Public Defender in Maryland. In that role, he adeptly represented people accused of federal felonies. He won two-thirds of his trials. That is unusual. When trial was not his client’s expressed interest, Kobie skillfully secured several advantageous pre-verdict results, including case dismissals.

Founding Flowers Keller LLP is the capstone of Kobie’s decades-long commitment to ending Mass Incarceration. From helping people warehoused in California’s prisons in his teens to writing his college honors thesis on ending Mass Incarceration in his twenties to holding law enforcement criminally accountable in his thirties to holding these same people civilly accountable in his forties, Kobie’s commitment to ending Mass Incarceration spans a lifetime.

In the words of another former federal public defender and now Supreme Court Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, “History speaks.” In 2003, Kobie was one of the prosecutors who successfully tried the largest prosecution of federal correctional officers in the history of the Civil Rights Division. By 2023, he spearheaded the settlement of the largest wrongful conviction case in American history. That history of fighting to end Mass Incarceration is what Kobie brings to his advocacy for the wrongly accused and the wrongly convicted.

REPRESENTATIVE CASES
Criminal Defense and Investigations
  • Secured release from Guantanamo Bay prison of only child soldier ever prosecuted by the U.S.
    government in the modern era.
  • Obtained acquittal for tenured microbiology professor charged with two counts of sexual assault.
  • Obtained acquittal for client charged with unlawfully possessing a firearm.
  • Obtained dismissal of an assault case against a person, who had previously served 30 years for a
    wrongful murder conviction.
  • Obtained dismissal of a sexual assault charge filed against a world-renowned infectious disease
    expert.
  • Obtained dismissal of drug trafficking charges against client by obtaining a hung jury and
    persuading the government to decline to retry the case.
  • Obtained probation for one of the 1,100 plus people charged for conduct at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6,2021—the largest prosecution in DOJ’s over 150-year history.
  • Persuaded ethics regulators to dismiss ethics investigation against an elected official.
  • Persuaded federal prosecutors not to bring money laundering and wire fraud charges against a
    Russian-owned business.
  • Persuaded federal prosecutors not to bring fraud charges against a client and litigated novel 4th
    Amendment issue, which forced the Office of Inspector General to change its policy.
  • Persuaded state prosecutors to dismiss an assault case against an NFL executive.
  • Persuaded state prosecutors to dismiss a felony burglary charge against a high-profile lawyer.
  • Persuaded an inspector general to terminate investigation of a federal employee allegedly involved
    in international government contracting fraud.
  • Persuaded federal prosecutors to decline prosecution of a twenty-year veteran of a major law
    enforcement agency after multi-year and multi-agency federal fraud investigation.
  • Represented client freed by the federal government as part of the historic seven-prisoner swap between Iran and the United States.
Wrongful Convictions & Police Misconduct
  • Represented three men known as the “Harlem Park Three.” At 108 combined years of wrongful conviction, the triple exoneration of the men is the largest wrongful conviction case in American history. Case settled for a record $48 million.
  • Obtained over $13 million from the State of Maryland for five wrongfully convicted men, convincing the Maryland Board of Public Works to make such awards for the first time in 15 years.
  • Represented a man wrongfully imprisoned for nearly 30 years because the police illegally hid evidence of his innocence.
ACTIVITIES
  • National Criminal Defense College, Faculty
  • Federal Magistrate Judge Merit Selection Panel, District of District of Columbia, Member (Appointed by the Chief Judge)
  • Federal Magistrate Judge Merit Selection Panel, District of Maryland, Member (Appointed by the
    Chief Judge)
  • Bronx Defenders Trial Academy, Faculty
  • ABA White Collar Crime Conference, Moderator of the Trial Skills Panel, 2024-2025
  • Forum on Corporate Enforcement, Steering Committee, 2025
  • NACDL White Collar Crime Conference, Steering Committee, 2025
  • Mid-Atlantic Innocence Project, Board Member, 2016-2022
  • National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Parliamentarian, 2021-2022
  • National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Board Member, 2017-2021
AWARDS
  • Exceptional Service Award, U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, 2023
  • NACDL Stalwart Award, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, 2022
  • Best Lawyers in America, Criminal Defense: General Practice, Washington, DC, 2020-present
  • “Super Lawyer” for White-Collar Criminal Defense, Washington, DC, Super Lawyers magazine, 2013-present
  • Maryland Daily Record Criminal Law Powerlist (Inaugural Edition), 2022
  • Lawdragon 500 Leading Litigators in America: White Collar, Criminal Defense, Investigations, 2025
  • Lawdragon, 500 Leading Lawyers in America, Plaintiffs: Civil Rights, Washington, DC, 2022-present
  • Lawdragon, 500 Leading Lawyers in America, Litigation: Civil Rights and White-Collar Criminal
    Defense,Washington, DC, 2021-present
  • Lawdragon 500 Leading Civil Rights & Plaintiff Employment Lawyers, 2024-present
  • “Top Lawyer” for Criminal Defense, Washingtonian magazine, 2017-2022
  • “AV Preeminent” highest peer review rating by Martindale-Hubbell, 2014-present
  • Commendation for Service at Federal Public Defender’s Office, D. Md., 2007
  • U.S. Justice Department, Civil Rights Division, Special Commendation for Outstanding Service, 2003
  • U.S. Justice Department, Civil Rights Division, Performance Award, 2003
  • EDUCATION

    Georgetown University, J.D.
    Stanford University, B.A.

  • PUBLIC SERVICE

    Assistant Federal Public Defender, District of Maryland (2004-2007)

    Federal Civil Rights Prosecutor, U.S. Justice Department, Civil Rights Division, Criminal Section (2000-2004)

    U.S. Peace Corps Volunteer, Ivory Coast (1995-1997)

Doug has spent most of his career focused on appellate litigation. He has represented hundreds of clients on appeal in civil and criminal cases. He has also spent significant time in trial courts arguing dispositive motions and advising trial attorneys about how best to preserve issues for appeal. He regularly leads trainings on various topics related to appellate litigation, legal writing, and the intersection of the immigration system and the criminal legal system.

Early in his career, Doug clerked for the Honorable Thomas Reavley of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, a wonderful mentor and judge.

He later spent two years as a fellow in the Appellate Litigation Clinic at Georgetown University Law Center where he supervised law students working on civil appeals. He also oversaw his own caseload. Among the cases he handled was In re Contempt Finding in United States v. Stevens, 663 F.3d 1270 (D.C. Cir. 2011), in which he successfully defended the trial court’s judgment holding prosecutors involved with the prosecution of the late Senator Ted Stevens in contempt for serious discovery violations and prosecutorial misconduct.

Doug also spent nearly a decade as an appellate attorney at Federal Defenders of San Diego—a training ground for the entire federal public defender system. During his time there, Doug regularly appeared before the Ninth Circuit on behalf of the accused. Among his most notable successes was United States v. Corrales-Vazquez, 931 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2019), a case dealing with the crime of illegal entry. Doug persuaded the Ninth Circuit that the government had been using an improperly expansive interpretation of a portion of the illegal-entry statute. Following the victory, the government had to vacate approximately 500 wrongful convictions that were then pending on appeal. Doug also filed the successful petition for certiorari in Tapia v. United States, 564 U.S. 319 (2011), where the Supreme Court held that a district court could not impose a longer custodial sentence on a federal criminal defendant for the purpose of rehabilitation. Tapia has since helped countless defendants receive lower prison sentences.

Before founding Flowers Keller LLP, Doug spent three years as the Legal Director at the Lone Star Defenders Office in Texas. While there, Doug helped lead an office that is the indigent defense hub for Operation Lone Star—Texas’s multi-billion-dollar misadventure using state law to try to regulate immigration. Doug spearheaded numerous constitutional challenges to this unjust system. Based on arguments he devised, six judges in five counties declared the system unconstitutional. As the Legal Director, he also mentored and trained some of the brightest lawyers in Texas. For his efforts, his peers recognized him with the 2025 Champion of Indigent Defense Award.

Publications

Doug has published articles and contributed to treatises. Courts, commentators, and litigants have cited his publications. Those publications include:

  • Defending a Federal Criminal Case (2023 ed.) (wrote chapter on appeals in this multiple-volume treatise).
  • Defending a Federal Criminal Case (2016 ed.) (wrote chapter on evidence in this multiple-volume treatise).
  • Re-thinking Illegal Entry and Re-entry, 44 Loy. U. Chi. L.J. 65 (2012).
  • Causing Mischief for Taylor’s Categorical Approach: Applying ‘Legal Imagination’ to Duenas-Alvarez, 18 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 625 (2011).
  • Why the Prior Conviction Sentencing Enhancements in Illegal Re-Entry Cases are Unjust and Unjustified (and Unreasonable Too), 51 B.C. L. Rev. 719 (2010).
  • Resolving a “Substantial Question”: Just Who is Entitled to Bail Pending Appeal under the Bail Reform Act of 1984?, 60 Fla. L. Rev. 825 (2008).
  • Interpreting Foreign Law Through an Erie Lens: A Critical Look at United States v. McNab,40 Tex. Int’l L.J. 157 (2004).
Representative appellate matters
  • Elsik v. State, No. PD-0703-23, 2024 WL 4898042,—S.W.3d—(Tex. Nov. 27, 2024) (ordering state smuggling conviction vacated based on arguments raised by amicus about admissibility of hearsay evidence).
  • Ex parte Gonzalez-Morales, No. 04-22-00629-CR, 2023 WL 8793121 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Dec. 20, 2023) (ordering case dismissed because State had violated state and federal constitutional guarantee of equal protection).
  • United States v. Nunez-Soberanis, No. 20-50259 (9th Cir. April 12, 2022) (vacating illegal-entry conviction because court at bench trial relied on inadmissible hearsay to convict client).
  • United States v. Reyes, 18 F.4th 1130 (9th Cir. 2021) (remanding for resentencing because court failed to give notice that it was considering imposing a special supervised-release condition).
  • United States v. Alonso, 859 F. App’x 137 (9th Cir. 2021) (vacating supervised-release condition that required client to consume any medication prescribed by prison doctor).
  • United States v. Vescuso, 856 F. App’x 742 (9th Cir. 2021) (vacating significant forfeiture judgment).
  • United States v. Moran-Garcia, 966 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2020) (vacating conviction because government failed to prove that venue was proper).
  • United States v. Ballesteros, 816 F. App’x 74 (9th Cir. 2020) (striking down as substantively unreasonable supervised-release conditions that prohibited “assisting” or “associat[ing] with” undocumented immigrants).
  • United States v. Castellanos, 803 F. App’x 90 (9th Cir. 2020) (remanding for resentencing because district court improperly imposed a sentencing enhancement for fleeing from border patrol ).
  • United States v. Corrales-Vazquez, 931 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2019) (vacating conviction because the government had introduced insufficient evidence to prove violation of the charged immigration statute).
  • United States v. Perez-Martinez, 779 F. App’x 479 (9th Cir. 2019) (vacating guilty plea because the government had failed to elicit an adequate factual basis).
  • United States v. Holliday, No. 17-50184 (9th Cir. January 22, 2018) (remanding for resentencing because prosecutor beached plea agreement).
  • United States v. Martinez, 850 F.3d 1097 (9th Cir. 2017) (vacating conviction after determining that the trial judge had violated the Sixth Amendment by responding to a jury note without counsel present).
  • United States v. Jimenez-Arvizu, No. 16-50402 (9th Cir. May 17, 2017) (remanding for resentencing because prosecutor beached plea agreement).
  • United States v. Argueta-Rosales, 819 F.3d 1149, 1155-58 (9th Cir. 2016) (vacating conviction after determining that the trial judge had misapplied the correct mens rea requirement for the attempted reentry offense).
  • United States v. Nevarez, 659 F. App’x 417 (9th Cir. 2016) (vacating drug conviction because the trial judge had admitted inadmissible hearsay).
  • United States v. Ayala-Yupit, 668 F. App’x 233 (9th Cir. 2016) (vacating felony illegal entry conviction because the government had failed to introduce sufficient evidence of a prior misdemeanor illegal entry conviction).
  • United States v. Massa, 647 F. App’x 718 (9th Cir. 2016) (vacating a significant restitution order because the order violated the restitution statute).
  • United States v. Castellon, 517 F. App’x 791 (9th Cir. 2015) (vacating drug conviction because the trial court erred by denying motion to suppress that challenged whether a Miranda waiver was knowing and intelligent).
  • United States v. Rodriguez-Vega, 797 F.3d 781, 786-91 (9th Cir. 2015) (holding client had received ineffective assistance during prior guilty plea because counsel had not told her that she was would be deported if she pleaded guilty).
  • United States v. Morales-Landa, 608 F. App’x 474 (9th Cir. 2015) (vacating illegal reentry conviction because predicate removal order was invalid).
  • United States v. Garcia, 599 F. App’x 775 (9th Cir. 2015) (vacating supervised-release revocation sentence because trial judge relied on insufficient evidence to find supervised-release violation).
  • United States v. McCray, 584 F. App’x 686 (9th Cir. 2014) (vacating conviction for promotional money laundry because of insufficient evidence).
  • Tapia v. United States, 564 U.S. 319 (2011) (remand after determining that trial judge erred by giving a longer prison sentence to promote rehabilitation).
  • In re Contempt Finding in United States v. Stevens, 663 F.3d 1270 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (affirming contempt finding against prosecutors involved with prosecution of the late Senator Ted Stevens).
  • United States v. Oliver-Guzman, 407 Fed. Appx. 241 (9th Cir. 2011) (remanding for resentencing because judge failed to apprehend scope of his sentencing discretion).
  • United States v. Espinoza-Morales, 621 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2010) (remanding for resentencing because judge miscalculated Guideline range).
  • United States v. Guerrero-Flores, 363 Fed. Appx. 525 (9th Cir. 2010) (rejecting government’s sentencing cross-appeal concerning whether judge improperly calculated Guideline range).
  • United States v. Hernandez-Sanches, 358 Fed. Appx. 815 (9th Cir. 2009) (remanding for resentencing because judge miscalculated Guideline range).
  • United States v. Hall, 271 Fed. Appx. 559 (9th Cir. 2008) (vacating fraud convictions because trial judge failed to provide fair trial).
  • EDUCATION

    University of Texas, J.D.
    University of Texas at Austin, B.A.

  • PUBLIC SERVICE

    Legal Director, Lone Star Defenders Office, Texas (2022-2025).

    Assistant Federal Public Defender, Southern District of California (2008-2010; 2014-2020).

    Law Clerk, Judge Thomas Reavely, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (2007-2008).